Odour的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列問答集和整理懶人包

Smells: A Cultural History of Odours in Early Modern Times

為了解決Odour的問題，作者Muchembled, Robert 這樣論述：

Why is our sense of smell so under-appreciated? We tend to think of smell as a vestigial remnant of our pre-human past, doomed to gradual extinction, and we go to great lengths to eliminate smells from our environment, suppressing body odour, bad breath and other smells. Living in a relatively odour

-free environment has numbed us to the importance that smells have always had in human history and culture. In this major new book Robert Muchembled restores smell to its rightful place as one of our most important senses and examines the transformation of smells in the West from the Renaissance to

the beginning of the 19th century. He shows that in earlier centuries, the air in towns and cities was often saturated with nauseating emissions and dangerous pollution. Having little choice but to see and smell faeces and urine on a daily basis, people showed little revulsion; until the 1620s, lite

rature and poetry delighted in excreta which now disgust us. The smell of excrement and body odours were formative aspects of eroticism and sexuality, for the social elite and the popular classes alike. At the same time, medicine explained outbreaks of plague by Satan's poisonous breath corrupting t

he air. Amber, musk and civet came to be seen as vital bulwarks against the devil's breath: scents were worn like armour against the plague. The disappearance of the plague after 1720 and the sharp decline in fear of the devil meant there was no longer any point in using perfumes to fight the forces

of evil, paving the way for the olfactory revolution of the 18th century when softer, sweeter perfumes, often with floral and fruity scents, came into fashion, reflecting new norms of femininity and a gentler vision of nature. This rich cultural history of an under-appreciated sense will be appeal

to a wide readership. Robert Muchembled is a renowned French historian who has been Professor of Modern History at the University of Paris XVIII since 1986.

Odour進入發燒排行的影片

以C57BL/6小鼠探討次品系與特定年齡對嗅覺聯結學習之影響

為了解決Odour的問題，作者陳泓綸 這樣論述：

C57BL/6是實驗室中使用最廣泛的小鼠品種之一，目前兩種主要的C57BL/6的次品系C57BL/6J（B6J）和C57BL/6N（B6N）是最常被研究者拿來做基因改造的品種。儘管這兩個次品系有高度的基因相似性，在許多的行為試驗中仍有不同的結果，包括開闊場試驗（open field test）、滾輪跑步機試驗（rotarod test）、水迷宮試驗（Morris water maze）。然而，這兩種次品系在嗅覺依賴行為的差異仍然尚未清楚。在這篇研究中，我們利用包含兩個訓練階段的嗅覺雙選擇試驗（olfactory two-alternative choice task）來評估小鼠規則學習和嗅覺

聯結學習的能力。在第一個階段（規則學習）中，我們訓練小鼠利用操作箱來獲得水獎勵，而操作箱中有三個孔洞：中央孔洞會給予氣味的；左孔洞和右孔洞會給予水獎勵(給水孔洞)。當小鼠的鼻子進入中央孔洞時可得到一個氣味線索，其後在一定時間內只要小鼠的鼻子進入左或右給水孔洞即可得到水獎勵。在第二個階段（辨識學習），我們會提供兩種氣味線索，分別代表左邊與右邊的給水孔洞。動物必須根據氣味線索做出正確的孔洞選擇才能得到水獎勵。我們發現在年輕的成鼠（7至10週齡）中，有相對高的比例會通過規則學習階段（B6J, 58.3%; B6N, 29.2%）和最終的整個試驗（B6J, 54.2%; B6N, 25%）。兩種次品系

在辨識學習階段有相似的通過比率（B6J, 92.9%; B6N, 85.7%）。令人驚訝的是，在成熟的成鼠中（17週齡），品系間的學習表現差異就不顯著了。和年輕成鼠比較下，B6N的成熟成鼠在規則學習和整個試驗的通過比率有顯著的改善。同時，成熟B6J成鼠在規則學習和通過整個試驗的速度有改善。我們因此進一步檢驗8週齡的B6J和B6N成鼠在嗅覺習慣化／去習慣化的表現，發現兩種次品系皆有正常的嗅覺習慣化反應，但B6J小鼠對新的氣味展現比較強的探索反應。我們的結果顯示，B6J和B6N小鼠在工具學習(instramental learning)和嗅覺聯結學習過程中有不同的學習歷程，而且年紀的增加對於這兩種

次品系的學習行為有不同的影響。再者，年輕的B6J和B6N成鼠有相似的嗅覺習慣化行為，但是卻有不同探索環境中新氣味之行為。

Smells: A Cultural History of Odours in Early Modern Times

為了解決Odour的問題，作者Muchembled, Robert 這樣論述：

Why is our sense of smell so under-appreciated? We tend to think of smell as a vestigial remnant of our pre-human past, doomed to gradual extinction, and we go to great lengths to eliminate smells from our environment, suppressing body odour, bad breath and other smells. Living in a relatively odour

-free environment has numbed us to the importance that smells have always had in human history and culture. In this major new book Robert Muchembled restores smell to its rightful place as one of our most important senses and examines the transformation of smells in the West from the Renaissance to

the beginning of the 19th century. He shows that in earlier centuries, the air in towns and cities was often saturated with nauseating emissions and dangerous pollution. Having little choice but to see and smell faeces and urine on a daily basis, people showed little revulsion; until the 1620s, lite

rature and poetry delighted in excreta which now disgust us. The smell of excrement and body odours were formative aspects of eroticism and sexuality, for the social elite and the popular classes alike. At the same time, medicine explained outbreaks of plague by Satan's poisonous breath corrupting t

he air. Amber, musk and civet came to be seen as vital bulwarks against the devil's breath: scents were worn like armour against the plague. The disappearance of the plague after 1720 and the sharp decline in fear of the devil meant there was no longer any point in using perfumes to fight the forces

of evil, paving the way for the olfactory revolution of the 18th century when softer, sweeter perfumes, often with floral and fruity scents, came into fashion, reflecting new norms of femininity and a gentler vision of nature. This rich cultural history of an under-appreciated sense will be appeal

to a wide readership. Robert Muchembled is a renowned French historian who has been Professor of Modern History at the University of Paris XVIII since 1986.

以環氧大豆油基樹脂為載體之昆蟲性費洛蒙誘引劑型開發

為了解決Odour的問題，作者王怡婷 這樣論述：

為達環境友善及兼顧緩釋效果，本研究選用環氧大豆油以3.5%磷酸進行交聯反應製成性費洛蒙緩釋劑型之載體。流變性測試結果顯示交聯環氧大豆油為假塑性流體。將交聯環氧大豆油載體分別結合小菜蛾性費洛蒙製成小菜蛾性費洛蒙劑型，及結合微膠囊製成性費洛蒙微膠囊劑型。緩釋劑型釋放速率試驗結果顯示小菜蛾性費洛蒙劑型於室外環境下性費洛蒙中的三個成分Z11-16：Ald、Z11-16：OH、Z11-16：Ac平均在20天的累積釋放達29%，相當於70 ℃烘箱環境下6小時的累積釋放。小菜蛾性費洛蒙微膠囊誘引劑型中三個成分於室外環境下32天的平均累積釋放達46%。顯示交聯環氧大豆油載體本身即具有緩釋效果。田間測試結果顯

示以交聯環氧大豆油為載體，不論是直接導入費洛蒙或費洛蒙為膠囊均對小菜蛾具有誘引活性。根據累積釋放估計小菜蛾性費洛蒙劑型釋放效果應可維持3個月。