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Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science XV

為了解決Sink source的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Kaoru Yamanouchi has been a Professor of Chemistry at The University of Tokyo since April 1997. His research fields include physical chemistry and AMO physics, with a focus on gas phase laser spectroscopy, chemical reaction dynamics, and intense laser science. In 1996, he launched a new research pro

ject to investigate how atoms, molecules, and clusters behave in an intense laser field whose magnitude is as large as that of a Coulomb field within atoms and molecules. By developing new experimental techniques such as mass-resolved momentum imaging, pulsed gas electron diffraction, and coincidenc

e momentum imaging, he has continued his successful exploration of the new research field of ultrafast intense laser science. Among his discoveries, ultrafast structural deformation of molecules and ultrafast hydrogen atom migration within hydrocarbon molecules are particularly noteworthy. He has al

so demonstrated that the ultrafast structural changes of molecules can in principle be probed in real time with femtosecond temporal resolution using laser-assisted electron diffraction.Dimitrios Charalambidis has been faculty member of the Physics Department of the University of Crete and affiliate

d faculty member of the Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser of the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH) since 1992. His research fields include AMO physics, coherent phenomena, multiphoton processes and attosecond science. In the 1990s, he led research investigating coh

erent interactions in atomic and molecular continua, demonstrating through quantum interference effects that a continuum is not a sink, as traditionally thought. By developing new methods and using advanced instrumentation he has made multiple contributions to quantitative measurements in multiphoto

n processes. Since 1999, he has been active in attosecond science, particularly the generation and applications of energetic attosecond pulses. Highlights in this area include the first 2nd order autocorrelation of an attosecond pulse train, the first XUV-pump-XUV-probe measurement in the 1 femtosec

ond temporal regime, the most energetic EUV attosecond source and the first multi-XUV-photon multiple ionization in atoms. He has been involved in the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project since its preparatory phase and, since 2014, has served as the Chief Scientific Adviser for the ELI Attose

cond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS).

Physiological Roles of Phloem Transport: Source-Sink Interactions, Drought Stress Responses and Flowering in Plants

為了解決Sink source的問題，作者Goeschl, John D. 這樣論述：

針對不同應用的微流體最佳化

為了解決Sink source的問題，作者李 強 這樣論述：

出於模擬計算時長及電腦儲存容量上的限制，涉及流體流動及其它參數的微流道最佳化繁瑣且不實際。與3D數值模擬相比，使用經驗式或近似解能縮短模擬計算時長。並且，經驗式可以預先將相關的設計及處理參數考慮進去，因此本研究大量使用之，結合最佳化技術來找到最適當的設計及處理參數變的可行。若給定的參數較少，還可以設定許多可調的參數。這項研究開發了一種包含微流體五種不同應用的軟體。此研究強調了五種應用的最佳化:單一流體、物質的混合和稀釋、蛇形通道中的快速混合、混合與反應 I（一混合就會反應）以及混合與反應 II（混合完成後才開始反應）。最佳化是基於晶片限制（晶片面積）和一些給定的參數，如流速、混合效率等等。這

些參數由統御方程式控制，如流體流動的 Navier-Stokes 方程式、彎曲通道的 Dean 流動、混合和稀釋的擴散方程式以及欲達到的產率。本研究使用不同的最佳化演算法，如迭代計算優化、基因演算法、雙重退火和差分進化。最佳化後的或給定的微流道長度會自動擬合在一個或多個入口和出口之間，並使用海龜繪圖系統繪製最佳化後的晶片。模擬結果藉由 Comsol 和文獻中的其他解析方程式完成驗證。用戶界面內置於 Pyqt5 和 PySide 設計器中。該模型的主要優點是與其他模擬軟體相比，內置應用程式的計算時間非常短（ < 15 分鐘）。